Ganglion cyst
| Ganglion cyst | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | synovial cyst, Gideon's disease, Olamide's cyst, Bible cyst, Bible bump |
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| Cyst on dorsum of left hand close to the wrist | |
| Classification and external resources | |
| Specialty | Plastic surgery |
| ICD-10 | M67.4 |
| ICD-9-CM | 727.4 |
| DiseasesDB | 31229 |
| eMedicine | orthoped/493 |
| MeSH | D045888 |
A ganglion cyst is a soft tissue lump that may be associated with any joint, but most often occurs on, around, or near joints and tendons of the hands or feet. These cysts are caused by leakage of fluid from the joint into the surrounding tissue.
The average size of these cysts is 2.0 cm, but excised cysts of more than 5 cm have been reported. The size of the cyst may vary over time, and may increase after activity.
These cysts most frequently occur around the dorsum of the wrist and on the fingers. A common site of occurrence is along the extensor carpi radialis brevis as it passes over the dorsum of the wrist joint. Although most commonly found in the wrist, ganglion cysts also may occur in the foot.
Ganglion cysts are "commonly observed in association with the joints and tendons of the appendicular skeleton, with 88% 'in communication with the multiple small joints of the hand and wrist' and 11% with those of the foot and ankle." Most often, they are found near the wrist joint, especially at the scapho-lunate area, which accounts for 80% of all ganglion cysts.
In a 2007 study of patients whose foot lumps were being removed surgically in Glasgow, 39 of 101 cases were ganglion cysts. The study replicated earlier findings that no ganglion cysts were found on the sole or heel of the foot; the authors wrote that "Although lumps in these areas may be ganglia, the surgeon should probably consider other diagnoses in the first instance." The researchers also noted a marked preponderance of occurrence among females (85%) and that 11 of the other cases had been misdiagnosed as ganglion cysts before surgery.
Ganglion cysts are not limited to the hands and feet. They may occur near the knee, commonly near the cruciate ligaments, but also they may occur at the origins of the gastrocnemius tendon and anteriorly on Hoffa's infrapatellar fat pad. At the shoulder, they typically occur at the acromioclavicular joint or along the biceps tendon.
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Wikipedia