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Galerina marginata

Galerina marginata
A group of about a dozen reddish-brown mushrooms clustered together and growing out of a decaying piece of wood covered with moss. The gills on the underside of the caps can be seen, as well as a small ring of tissue on the upper half to third of the whitish-brown stems. Visible amongst the larger mushrooms are about a dozen miniature versions of the larger mushrooms, with hemispherical caps that do not have the gills exposed.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Hymenogastraceae
Genus: Galerina
Species: G. marginata
Binomial name
Galerina marginata
(Batsch) Kühner (1935)
Synonyms

Agaricus marginatus Batsch (1789)
Agaricus unicolor Vahl (1792)
Agaricus autumnalis Peck (1872)
Pholiota marginata (Batsch) Quél. (1872)
Pholiota discolor Peck (1873)
Galerina unicolor (Vahl) Singer (1936)
Galerina venenata (Vahl) Singer (1953)
Galerina autumnalis (Peck) A.H.Sm. & Singer (1964)
Galerina oregonensis A.H.Sm. (1964)
Galerina marginata
Mycological characteristics
gills on hymenium
cap is convex
hymenium is adnexed
stipe has a ring
spore print is brown
ecology is saprotrophic
edibility: deadly

Agaricus marginatus Batsch (1789)
Agaricus unicolor Vahl (1792)
Agaricus autumnalis Peck (1872)
Pholiota marginata (Batsch) Quél. (1872)
Pholiota discolor Peck (1873)
Galerina unicolor (Vahl) Singer (1936)
Galerina venenata (Vahl) Singer (1953)
Galerina autumnalis (Peck) A.H.Sm. & Singer (1964)
Galerina oregonensis A.H.Sm. (1964)

Galerina marginata is a species of poisonous fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae of the order Agaricales. Prior to 2001, the species G. autumnalis, G. oregonensis, G. unicolor, and G. venenata were thought to be separate due to differences in habitat and the of their caps, but phylogenetic analysis showed that they are all the same species.

The fruit bodies of this fungus have brown to yellow-brown caps that fade in color when drying. The gills are brownish and give a rusty spore print. A well-defined membranous ring is typically seen on the stems of young specimens but often disappears with age. In older fruit bodies, the caps are flatter and the gills and stems browner. The species is a classic "little brown mushroom"—a catchall category that includes all small to medium-sized, hard-to-identify brownish mushrooms, and may be easily confused with several edible species.

Galerina marginata is widespread in the Northern Hemisphere, including Europe, North America, and Asia, and has also been found in Australia. It is a wood-rotting fungus that grows predominantly on decaying conifer wood. An extremely poisonous species, it contains the same deadly amatoxins found in the death cap (Amanita phalloides). Ingestion in toxic amounts causes severe liver damage with vomiting, diarrhea, hypothermia, and eventual death if not treated rapidly. About ten poisonings have been attributed to the species now grouped as G. marginata over the last century.


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