Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense
| Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense | |
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| Plant-pathogenic strain of Fusarium oxysporum | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Phylum: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes |
| Order: | Hypocreales |
| Family: | Nectriaceae |
| Genus: | Fusarium |
| Species: | F. oxysporum |
| Binomial name | |
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Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (E.F.Sm.) W.C.Snyder & H.N.Hansen (1940) |
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| Synonyms | |
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Fusarium cubense E.F.Sm. (1910) |
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Fusarium cubense E.F.Sm. (1910)
Fusarium oxysporum var. cubense (E.F.Sm.) Wollenw. (1935)
Fusarium oxysporum f. cubense (E.F.Sm.) W.C.Snyder & H.N.Hansen (1940)
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense 
Pronunciation is a fungal plant pathogen that causes Panama disease of banana (Musa spp.), also known as fusarium wilt of banana.
Although fruit of the wild bananas (Musa spp.) have large, hard seeds, most edible bananas are seedless. Banana plants are therefore propagated asexually from offshoots. Because these rhizomes are usually free of symptoms even when the plant is infected by F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense, they are a common means by which this pathogen is disseminated. It can also be spread in soil and running water, on farm implements or machinery.
Panama disease is one of the most destructive plant diseases of modern times. It is believed to have originated in Southeast Asia and was first reported in Australia in 1876. By 1950 it had spread to all the banana-producing regions of the world with the exception of some islands in the South Pacific, the Mediterranean, Melanesia and Somalia.
Panama disease affects a wide range of banana cultivars; however, it is best known for the damage it caused to a single cultivar in the early export plantations. Before 1960, a total reliance was put on the cultivar 'Gros Michel', and it supplied almost all the export trade. It proved susceptible to the disease and the use of infected rhizomes to establish new plantations caused widespread and severe losses. Some indication of the scale of the losses is demonstrated by the complete eradication of production on 30,000 hectares of plantation in the Ulua Valley of Honduras between 1940 and 1960. In Suriname, an entire operation of 4,000 hectares was out of business within eight years and in the Quepos area of Costa Rica, 6,000 hectares were destroyed in twelve years.
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