Furosemide

Furosemide
Clinical data


Pronunciation	/fjʊˈroʊsəˌmaɪd/
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
License data	US DailyMed: 3940
Pregnancy category	AU: C US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of administration	by mouth, IV, IM
ATC code	C03CA01 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	43–69%
Metabolism	liver and kidney glucuronidation
Onset of action	30 to 60 min (PO), 5 min (IV)
Biological half-life	up to 100 minutes
Excretion	renal 66%, biliary 33%
Identifiers
IUPAC name 4-Chloro-2-[(furan-2-ylmethyl)amino]-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid
CAS Number	54-31-9^Y
PubChem CID	3440
DrugBank	DB00695^Y
ChemSpider	3322^Y
UNII	7LXU5N7ZO5
KEGG	D00331^Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:47426^Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL35^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.185
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₂H₁₁ClN₂O₅S
Molar mass	330.745 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES O=S(=O)(N)c1c(Cl)cc(c(C(=O)O)c1)NCc2occc2
InChI InChI=1S/C12H11ClN2O5S/c13-9-5-10(15-6-7-2-1-3-20-7)8(12(16)17)4-11(9)21(14,18)19/h1-5,15H,6H2,(H,16,17)(H2,14,18,19)^Y Key:ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y

Furosemide, sold under the brand name Lasix among others, is a medication used to treat fluid build-up due to heart failure, liver scarring, or kidney disease. It may also be used for the treatment of high blood pressure. The amount of medication required depends on the person in question. It can be taken intravenously or by mouth. When taken by mouth it typically begins working within an hour while intravenously it typically begins working within five minutes.

Common side effects include low blood pressure with standing, ringing in the ears, and sensitivity to the sun. Potentially serious side effects include electrolyte abnormalities, low blood pressure, and hearing loss. Blood tests are recommended regularly for those on treatment. Furosemide is a type of loop diuretic that works by decreasing the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys.

Furosemide was discovered in 1962. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale price in the developing world is between 0.004 and 0.02 USD per day. In the United States it is available as a generic medication and costs about 0.15 USD per day. Furosemide is on the World Anti-Doping Agency's banned drug list due to concerns that it may mask other drugs. It has also been used to prevent and treat race horses for exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage.

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Wikipedia