Frontal lobe disorder
| Frontal lobe disorder | |
|---|---|
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| Inferior view of frontal lobe | |
| Classification and external resources | |
| Specialty | psychiatry |
| ICD-10 | F07 |
| eMedicine | article/1135866 |
Frontal lobe disorder is an impairment of the frontal lobe that occurs due to disease or head trauma. The frontal lobe of the brain plays a key role in higher mental functions such as motivation, planning, social behaviour, and speech production. A frontal lobe syndrome can be caused by a range of conditions including head trauma, tumours, degenerative diseases, neurosurgery and cerebrovascular disease. Frontal lobe impairment can be detected by recognition of typical clinical signs, use of simple screening tests, and specialist neurological testing.
The signs and symptoms of frontal lobe disorder can be indicated by Dysexecutive syndrome which consists of a number of symptoms which tend to occur together. Broadly speaking, these symptoms fall into three main categories; cognitive (movement and speech), emotional or behavioural. Although many of these symptoms regularly co-occur, it is common to encounter patients who have several, but not all of these symptoms. This is one reason why some researchers are beginning to argue that dysexecutive syndrome is not the best term to describe these various symptoms. The fact that many of the dysexecutive syndrome symptoms can occur alone has led some researchers to suggest that the symptoms should not be labelled as a "syndrome" as such. Some of the latest imaging research on frontal cortex areas suggests that executive functions may be more discrete than was previously thought.
Signs/symptoms can be divided as follows:
Emotional
Behavioural
Language signs
The causes of frontal lobe disorders can be closed head injuries. An example of this can be from an accident, which can cause damage to the orbitofrontal cortex area of the brain.
Cerebrovascular disease may cause a stroke in the frontal lobe. Tumours such as meningiomas may present with a frontal lobe syndrome. Frontal lobe impairment is also a feature of Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia and Pick's disease.
The pathogenesis of frontal lobe disorders entails, various pathologies some are as follows:
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