Friedrich Hölderlin
| Friedrich Hölderlin | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Born |
20 March 1770 Lauffen am Neckar, Duchy of Württemberg |
| Died | 7 June 1843 (aged 73) Tübingen, Kingdom of Württemberg, Germany |
| Occupation | Lyric poet |
| Alma mater |
Tübinger Stift, University of Tübingen University of Jena |
| Literary movement | Jena Romanticism |
Johann Christian Friedrich Hölderlin (German: [ˈjoːhan ˈkʁɪsti.aːn ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈhœldɐliːn]; 20 March 1770 – 7 June 1843) was a major German lyric poet, commonly associated with the artistic movement known as Romanticism. Hölderlin was also an important thinker in the development of German Idealism, particularly his early association with and philosophical influence on his seminary roommates and fellow Swabians Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling.
Hölderlin was born in Lauffen am Neckar in the Duchy of Württemberg. His father, the manager of a church estate, died when the boy was two years old. He was brought up by his mother, who in 1774 married the Mayor of Nürtingen and moved there. He had a full sister, born after their father's death, and a half-brother. His stepfather died when he was nine. He went to school in Denkendorf and Maulbronn, then, beginning in October 1788, he studied theology at the Tübinger Stift, where his fellow-students included Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (who had been a fellow-pupil at his first school) and Isaac von Sinclair.
It has been speculated that it was probably Hölderlin who brought to Hegel's attention the ideas of Heraclitus regarding the unity of opposites, which the philosopher would later develop into his concept of dialectics. Finding he could not sustain a Christian faith, Hölderlin declined to become a minister of religion and worked instead as a private tutor. Michael Hamburger surmised that up to this time, Hölderlin was most influenced by and his religious poetry. In 1793–94 he met Friedrich Schiller and Johann Wolfgang Goethe and began writing his epistolary novel Hyperion. In 1795 he enrolled for a while at the University of Jena where he attended Fichte's classes and met Novalis.
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