French Penal Code of 1810

The Penal Code of 1810 was created under Napoleon, as a replacement of the Code des délits et des peines of 1795, that was itself replacing the French Penal Code of 1791. Among other things, this code recreated a life imprisonment punishment, as well as a branding punishment alongside the death penalty. These had been abolished in the French Penal Code of 1791. Issued on June 3, 1810, it stayed in use until March 1, 1994 when it was replaced by a new penal code.

This code served as a basis for criminal laws in many of the countries occupied at the time by the First French Empire.

The crimes against the state included treason, espionage, sedition and insurrection, and were severely punished, up to death with forfeiture of the convict's estate, or transportation.

Aggravated murder, this is to say, premeditated, committed during the commission of a crime or against legitimate ascendants were to be punished by death, along with kidnapping by torture, death threats or under the guise of a civil servants.

Violations were punished by fine and, at most, five days in prison.

Misdemeanors were punished by up to five years in prison and fines.

Penalties for felonies were to be either afflictives et infamantes (afflictives and infaming) or merely infamantes (infaming), meaning the convicted lost some civils rights, such as the right to vote, to possess arms

Felonies were to be punished by death, hard labor for life or a term from five to twenty years or by reclusion from five to ten years.

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