Frederick Henry William Gough-Calthorpe, 5th Baron Calthorpe (24 July 1826 – 25 June 1893) was a British Liberal Party politician.
Born in London, Calthorpe was the eldest son of Frederick Gough, 4th Baron Calthorpe, and Lady Charlotte Sophia, daughter of Henry Somerset, 6th Duke of Beaufort. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge.
Calthorpe was elected to the House of Commons as one of the two Members of Parliament (MPs) for Worcestershire East at a by-election in February 1859. He was re-elected at the general election later in 1859 and again in 1865, and held the seat until May 1868, when he succeeded his father in the barony and took his seat in the House of Lords.
Lord Calthorpe, a member of the Gough-Calthorpe family, died at Grosvenor Square, London, in June 1893, aged 66. He never married and was succeeded in the barony by his younger brother, Augustus.