Frederick Branch (Baltimore and Ohio Railroad)

The Frederick Branch is a railroad line in Frederick County, Maryland. It was built by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) in 1831, and today is owned by the Maryland Department of Transportation (MDOT). The 3.4 miles (5.5 km) branch runs from Frederick Junction on the west side of the Monocacy River, where it connects with the Old Main Line Subdivision of CSX Transportation, to its terminus at South Street in downtown Frederick, Maryland. The wye at Frederick Junction is a track arrangement that allows trains to turn around. It was the first of its kind in the United States, and is still in use today.

The branch officially was opened in December 1831 with a ceremonial train (pulled by horses) carrying directors of the B&O and various politicians arriving from Baltimore. In planning the route of the Old Main Line, the B&O decided against building the main line directly through Frederick, preferring instead to take advantage of a valley grade to the south of the city. The city's first train station, built in 1832 at South Carroll Street, was the second oldest permanent station in the B&O system, and was used mainly for freight. A new passenger depot was built in 1854 at East All Saints and Market Streets, and the old station continued as a freight station until c. 1910. A station at Frederick Junction was opened after the Civil War and operated through the World War II era.

The branch first provided a rapid means for the many mills in the city to ship flour to Baltimore for sale. Over the years outbound freight traffic diversified to include milk, bricks, limestone and some manufactured goods from Frederick. The branch connected with two other railroads within Frederick. The Pennsylvania Railroad connected near East Street and South Street in downtown Frederick and the Hagerstown and Frederick Railway connected near the small B&O rail yard and terminal along South Street in downtown Frederick.

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