Flyby (spaceflight)

A planetary flyby is the act of sending a space probe past a planet or a dwarf planet close enough to record scientific data.

Flybys commonly use gravity assists to "slingshot" a space probe on its journey to its primary objective, but may themselves be used as primary means.

The first flyby of another planet with a functioning spacecraft took place on December 14, 1962, when Mariner 2 zoomed by the planet Venus.

...
Wikipedia