Fluorodeoxyglucose

Fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F)

Names
IUPAC name 2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoroglucose
Identifiers
CAS Number	63503-12-8 (2S,6R)-6-meth,-2-ol N
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
Abbreviations	[18F]FDG
Beilstein Reference	2047723
ChEBI	CHEBI:49130 N
ChEMBL	ChEMBL497613 N
ChemSpider	396785 Y 8096174 (2R,6R)-6-meth,-2-ol Y 9644274 (6R)-6-meth Y
KEGG	D01843 N
PubChem	11469444 (6R)-6-meth 9920539 (2R,6R)-6-meth,-2-ol 450503 (2S,6R)-6-meth,-2-ol 25173432 (2S)-2-ol
InChI InChI=1S/C6H11FO5/c7-3-5(10)4(9)2(1-8)12-6(3)11/h2-6,8-11H,1H2/t2-,3-,4-,5-,6+/m1/s1/i7-1 Y Key: ZCXUVYAZINUVJD-AHXZWLDOSA-N Y
SMILES OCC1OC(O)[C@H]([18F])[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
Properties
Chemical formula	C6H1118FO5
Molar mass	181.1495 g mol−1
Melting point	170 to 176 °C (338 to 349 °F; 443 to 449 K)
Pharmacology
ATC code	V09IX04 (WHO)
Pregnancy category	AU: X (High risk) US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of administration	Intravenous
Pharmacokinetics:
Metabolism	6-Phosphorylation Glycolysis
Biological half-life	110 min (at 70%) 16 min (at 20%)
Excretion	20% Radioactivity renally excreted in 2 hours
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Glycolysis

16 min (at 20%)

Fludeoxyglucose (¹⁸F) (INN), or fludeoxyglucose F 18 (USAN and USP), also commonly called fluorodeoxyglucose and abbreviated [¹⁸F]FDG, ¹⁸F-FDG or FDG, is a radiopharmaceutical used in the medical imaging modality positron emission tomography (PET). Chemically, it is 2-deoxy-2-(¹⁸F)fluoro-D-glucose, a glucose analog, with the positron-emitting radionuclide fluorine-18 substituted for the normal hydroxyl group at the C-2 position in the glucose molecule.

The uptake of ¹⁸F-FDG by tissues is a marker for the tissue uptake of glucose, which in turn is closely correlated with certain types of tissue metabolism. After ¹⁸F-FDG is injected into a patient, a PET scanner can form two-dimensional or three-dimensional images of the distribution of ¹⁸F-FDG within the body.

Since its development in 1976, ¹⁸F-FDG had a profound influence on research in the neurosciences. The subsequent discovery 1980 that ¹⁸F-FDG accumulates in tumors underpins the evolution of PET as a major clinical tool in cancer diagnosis.¹⁸F-FDG is now the standard radiotracer used for PET neuroimaging and cancer patient management.

The images can be assessed by a nuclear medicine physician or radiologist to provide diagnoses of various medical conditions.

In 1968, Dr. Josef Pacak, Zdenek Tocik and Miloslav Cerny at the Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, Czechoslovakia were the first to describe the synthesis of FDG. Later, in the 1970s, Tatsuo Ido and Al Wolf at the Brookhaven National Laboratory were the first to describe the synthesis of FDG labeled with ¹⁸F. The compound was first administered to two normal human volunteers by Abass Alavi in August, 1976 at the University of Pennsylvania. Brain images obtained with an ordinary (non-PET) nuclear scanner demonstrated the concentration of ¹⁸F-FDG in that organ (see history reference below).