First Sangam

The First Sangam period (Tamil: முதற்சங்க பருவம், Mutaṟcanka paruvam ^?) or Head Sangam period (Tamil: தலைச்சங்க பருவம், Talaiccanka paruvam ^?) was a legendary period in the history of Ancient Tamilakam said to be the foremost of Tamil Sangams, known in the Tamil language as கூடல் (kooṭal) or 'gathering'. It is the first of three Tamil Sangams of Classical Tamil literature. While most historians accept the historicity of this literature, they also understand that some literary academies would have held Pandyan patronage. This is not to be confused with the historical Third Sangam period which lasted roughly from 600 BCE to 300 CE.

It was said to be located in Then Madurai (now part of Madurai) under the patronage of 89 Pandya kings, during this period. It is said to have lasted for 4,440 years, and this would put the First Sangam between 9600 BCE to 5200 BCE.

Some are of the opinion that Agattiyar was the head of the Talaiccankam, however, this is unlikely as the first mention of him is from Ptolemy and no Sangam work refers to him. A more likely proposition is Shiva being the head of the First Sangam as believed by others. சிவன் (sivan) in Tamil means 'the red one'.

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