First Baptist Church (Boston, Massachusetts)
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First Baptist Church
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| Location | Boston, Massachusetts |
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| Coordinates | 42°21′6″N 71°4′36″W / 42.35167°N 71.07667°WCoordinates: 42°21′6″N 71°4′36″W / 42.35167°N 71.07667°W |
| Built | 1872 |
| Architect | Henry Hobson Richardson; Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi |
| Architectural style | Richardsonian Romanesque |
| Part of | Back Bay Historic District (#73001948) |
| NRHP Reference # | 72000146 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | February 23, 1972 |
| Designated CP | August 14, 1973 |
The First Baptist Church (or "Brattle Square Church") is an historic American Baptist Churches USA congregation, established in 1665. It is one of the oldest Baptist churches in the United States. It first met secretly in members homes, and the doors of the first church were nailed shut by a decree from the Puritans. The church was forced to move to Noddle's Island. The church was forced to be disguised as a tavern and members traveled by water to worship. Rev. Dr. Stillman led the church in the North End for around 40 years. The church moved to Beacon Hill, where it was the tallest steeple in the city and nicknamed the "Church of the Holy Toothpick". After a slow demise under Rev. Dr. Rollin Heber Neale, the church briefly joined with the Shawmut Ave. Church, and the Warren Avenue Tabernacle, and merged and bought the current church in 1881, for $100,000.00. Since 1882 it has been located at the corner of Commonwealth Avenue and Clarendon Street in the Back Bay. The interior is a pending Boston Landmark.
The congregation was founded in 1665 despite a Massachusetts law prohibiting opposition to infant baptism. Many of the early members of the church were persecuted and imprisoned by the state church for heresy, including the first pastor, Thomas Gould. Shortly before the founding of the church, the first Harvard College president, Henry Dunster, was forced to resign his position for refusing to baptize his infant. Dunster had been theologically influenced by Dr. John Clarke and other Rhode Island Baptists persecuted in Massachusetts. During King Philip's War, John Myles pastored the church while on hiatus from the First Baptist Church in Swansea, which was the first church in the state. "In 1679, the Boston Baptists built a meetinghouse in the North End of Boston, at the corner of Salem and Stillman Streets. ...In the early 1700s, the small building was replaced by a larger wooden one on the same site. Here the Church flourished, for 43 years (1764–1807) under the leadership of Samuel Stillman." Samuel Stillman kept the doors open for services while the British invaded Boston and is said to have preached against them every single service.
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