Fenthion
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| Names | |
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IUPAC name
O,O-Dimethyl O-[3-methyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl] phosphorothioate
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| Other names
• Dimethoxy-[3-methyl-4-(methylthio)phenoxy]-thioxophosphorane
• O,O-Dimethyl O-[3-methyl-4-(methylthio)phenyl] phosphorothioate • O,O-Dimethyl O-4-methylthio-m-tolyl phosphorothioate |
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| Identifiers | |
55-38-9 
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| 3D model (Jmol) | Interactive image |
| ChEBI |
CHEBI:34761
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| ChEMBL |
ChEMBL1604375 
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| ChemSpider |
3229
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.211 |
| KEGG |
D07950
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| PubChem | 3346 |
| UNII |
BL0L45OVKT
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| Properties | |
| C10H15O3PS2 | |
| Molar mass | 278.33 g/mol |
| Appearance | colorless, almost odorless liquid; 95-98% pure fenthion is a brown oily liquid with a weak garlic odor |
| Density | 1.250 g/cm3 (at 20 °C / 4 °C) |
| Melting point | 7 °C (45 °F; 280 K) |
| Boiling point | 87 °C (189 °F; 360 K) at 0.01 mmHg |
| 54-56 ppm (at 20 °C) | |
| Solubility in glyceride oils, methanol, ethanol, ether, acetone, and most organic solvents, especially chlorinated hydrocarbons | soluble |
| Vapor pressure | 4 • 10−5 mmHg (at 20 °C) |
| Pharmacology | |
| QP53BB02 (WHO) | |
| Hazards | |
| US health exposure limits (NIOSH): | |
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PEL (Permissible)
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none |
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REL (Recommended)
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None established |
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IDLH (Immediate danger)
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N.D. |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 (what is ?) |
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| Infobox references | |
Fenthion is an organothiophosphate insecticide, avicide, and acaricide. Like most other organophosphates, its mode of action is via cholinesterase inhibition. Due to its relatively low toxicity towards humans and mammals, fenthion is listed as moderately toxic compound in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and World Health Organization toxicity class.
Fenthion is a contact and stomach insecticide used against many biting insects. It is particularly effective against fruit flies, leaf hoppers, cereal bugs, stem borers, mosquitoes, animal parasites, mites, aphids, codling moths, and weaver birds. It has been widely used in sugar cane, rice, field corn, beets, pome and stone fruit, citrus fruits, pistachio, cotton, olives, coffee, cocoa, vegetables, and vines.
Based on its high toxicity on birds, fenthion has been used to control weaver birds and other pest-birds in many parts of the world. Fenthion is also used in cattle, swine, and dogs to control lice, fleas, ticks, flies, and other external parasites.
Amid concerns of harmful effects on environment, especially birds, Food and Drug Administration no longer approves uses of fenthion. However, fenthion has been extensively used in Florida to control adult mosquitoes. After preliminary risk assessments on human health and environment in 1998 and its revision in 1999, USEPA issued an Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decision (IRED) for fenthion in January 2001. The EPA has classified fenthion as Restricted Use Pesticide (RUP), and warrants special handling because of its toxicity.
Some common trade names for fenthion are Avigel, Avigrease, Entex, Baytex, Baycid, Dalf, DMPT, Mercaptophos, Prentox, Fenthion 4E, Queletox, and Lebaycid. Fenthion is available in dust, emulsifiable concentrate, granular, liquid concentrate, spray concentrate, ULV, and wettable powder formulations.
Fenthion can be synthesized by condensation of 4-methylmercapto-m-cresol and dimethylphosphorochloridothionate.
Fenthion exposure to general population is quite limited based on its bioavailability. Common form of fenthion exposure is occupation related, and occurs through dermal contact or inhalation of dust and sprays. Another likely means of contamination is through ingestion of food, especially, if it has been applied quite recently with fenthion. So far, ingestion is the most likely severe poisoning case on humans and animals. To avoid this, crops applied with fenthion should be allowed enough degradation time before harvesting. Normally, 2 – 4 weeks time is enough depending upon the type of crop.
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Wikipedia