Feminist movements and ideologies

A variety of movements of feminist ideology have developed over the years. They vary in goals, strategies, and affiliations. They often overlap, and some feminists identify themselves with several branches of feminist thought.

Mainstream feminism is a broad umbrella term for feminist movements which do not fall into either the socialist or radical feminist camps. The mainstream feminist movement traditionally focused on political and legal reform, and has its roots in first-wave feminism and the historical liberal feminism of the 19th and early 20th century. Mainstream feminism was historically also called liberal feminism or bourgeois feminism. The term is today often used in reference to movements that are more broadly representative of the political spectrum, including the political centre as well as the centre-left and centre-right, and that advocate more mainstream or moderate political positions, often in contrast to radical feminism and other forms of explicitly left-wing feminism. Mainstream feminism overlaps with modern liberal feminism, although mainstream feminism is a somewhat broader term. Mainstream feminism tends to be more inclusive of men than radical feminism, and often focuses on issues that are less contentious in the western world today, such as women's political participation or female education. Mainstream feminists are sometimes criticized by radical feminists for being part of "a system of patriarchy." Nevertheless, major milestones of the feminist struggle such as the right to vote and the right to education came about mainly as a result of the work of the mainstream feminist movement which emphasized building broad support for feminist causes, among both men and women.

Anarcha-feminism (also called anarchist feminism and anarcho-feminism) combines anarchism with feminism. It generally views patriarchy as a manifestation of involuntary hierarchy. Anarcha-feminists believe that the struggle against patriarchy is an essential part of class struggle and of the anarchist struggle against the state. In essence, the philosophy sees anarchist struggle as a necessary component of feminist struggle and vice versa. As L. Susan Brown puts it, "as anarchism is a political philosophy that opposes all relationships of power, it is inherently feminist".

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