Faidon Matthaiou, also spelled Fedon Mattheou and Phaedon Mathaiou (Greek: Φαίδων Ματθαίου) (12 July 1924 – 17 September 2011) was a Greek professional basketball coach and basketball player. He was a center, and at the end of his career, he also played as a play maker. He wore the number 1 jersey throughout his career. He represented Greece twice at the Summer Olympics. As a rower at the 1948 Summer Olympics, and as a basketball player at the 1952 Summer Olympics.

Faidon Matthaiou is widely considered to be the Patriarch of Greek basketball.

Born in Thessaloniki, Matthaiou began playing professional basketball, as well as many other sports, with Aris BC in 1945. His father was Manthos Matthaiou, president of Aris Thessaloniki, who was killed in 1941 during Italian airbombings of Thessaloniki during the Greco-Italian War. In 1949, he transferred to Panathinaikos BC. He also played with Panionios, the Italian League club Pallacanestro Varese, and Sporting.

With Panathinaikos, he won 3 Greek League championships, in the years 1950, 1951, and 1954. He also played at the International Cup Tournament (the forerunner of the EuroLeague) in 1955 at the Viareggio Tournament, where he was the leading scorer and MVP.

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