FP programming language
| Paradigm | function-level |
|---|---|
| Designed by | John Backus |
| First appeared | 1977 |
| Dialects | |
| FP84 | |
| Influenced by | |
| APL | |
| Influenced | |
| FL, Haskell, J | |
FP (short for Function Programming) is a programming language created by John Backus to support the function-level programming paradigm. This allows eliminating named variables. The language was introduced in Backus's 1977 Turing Award lecture, "Can Programming Be Liberated from the von Neumann Style?", subtitled "a functional style and its algebra of programs." The paper sparked interest in functional programming research, eventually leading to modern functional languages, and not the function-level paradigm Backus had hoped. FP itself never found much use outside of academia. In the 1980s Backus created a successor language, FL, which remained a research project.
The values that FP programs map into one another comprise a set which is closed under sequence formation:
These values can be built from any set of atoms: booleans, integers, reals, characters, etc.:
⊥ is the undefined value, or bottom. Sequences are bottom-preserving:
FP programs are functions f that each map a single value x into another:
Functions are either primitive (i.e., provided with the FP environment) or are built from the primitives by program-forming operations (also called functionals).
An example of primitive function is constant, which transforms a value x into the constant-valued function x̄. Functions are strict:
Another example of a primitive function is the selector function family, denoted by 1,2,... where:
In contrast to primitive functions, functionals operate on other functions. For example, some functions have a unit value, such as 0 for addition and 1 for multiplication. The functional unit produces such a value when applied to a function f that has one:
These are the core functionals of FP:
In addition to being constructed from primitives by functionals, a function may be defined recursively by an equation, the simplest kind being:
where Ef is an expression built from primitives, other defined functions, and the function symbol f itself, using functionals.
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