Eusporangiate fern
| Eusporangiate ferns | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Botrychium lunaria | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Pteridophyta |
| (unranked): | Eusporangiate ferns |
| Classes | |
Eusporangiate ferns are vascular spore plants, whose sporangia arise from several epidermal cells and not from a single cell as in leptosporangiate ferns. Typically these ferns have reduced root systems and sporangia that produce large amounts of spores (up to 7000 spores per sporangium in Christensenia)
There are four extant eusporangiate fern families, distributed among three classes. Each family is assigned to its own order.
The following diagram shows a likely phylogenic placement of eusporangiate fern classes within the vascular plants.
lycophytes (club mosses, spike mosses, quillworts)
spermatophytes (seed plants)
Psilotales (whisk ferns)
Ophioglossales (grapeferns etc.)
Equisetales (horsetails)
While it is generally accepted that the leptosporangiate ferns are monophyletic, it is considered to be likely that the eusporangiate ferns, as a group, are paraphyletic. In each of the three examples from recently published studies, shown in the following table, it can be seen that, together, the four eusporangiate fern families do not form a single clade.
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