European New Right

Nouvelle Droite (English: New Right) is a school of political thought that emerged in France during the late 1960s. Various political scientists have characterised the ND as an extreme-right political movement with links to older forms of fascism, although this characterisation is rejected by many of the ND's members.

The Nouvelle Droite began with the formation of Groupement de recherche et d'études pour la civilisation européenne (GRECE)—a group guided largely by the philosopher Alain de Benoist—in Nice in 1968. De Benoist and other early members of the group had a long experience in right-wing groups, and the movement would be influenced by older rightist currents of thought like the German Conservative Revolutionary movement. The Nouvelle Droite was also heavily influenced by the tactics of the New Left and forms of Marxism, in particular the ideas of the Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci, with ND members describing themselves as "Gramscians of the Right". The ND achieved a level of mainstream respectability in the 1970s, although this later declined following sustained liberal and leftist opposition. ND members joined a number of political parties, becoming a particularly strong influence within the French National Front.

The ND opposes multiculturalism and the mixing of different cultures within a single society. It calls for societal segregation into smaller, culturally homogenous regions. It opposes liberal democracy and capitalism and promotes localised forms of what it terms "organic democracy". Influenced by Gramsci and the New Left, it believes that to create the necessary conditions for a political takeover, it must first infuse wider society with its rhetoric and ideas to attain cultural dominance; it refers to this long-term strategy as "metapolitics".

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