Euclidean distance

In mathematics, the Euclidean distance or Euclidean metric is the "ordinary" (i.e. straight-line) distance between two points in Euclidean space. With this distance, Euclidean space becomes a metric space. The associated norm is called the Euclidean norm. Older literature refers to the metric as Pythagorean metric. A generalized term for the Euclidean norm is the L² norm or L² distance.

The Euclidean distance between points p and q is the length of the line segment connecting them (${\displaystyle {\overline {\mathbf {p} \mathbf {q} }}}$).

In Cartesian coordinates, if p = (p₁, p₂,..., p_n) and q = (q₁, q₂,..., q_n) are two points in Euclidean n-space, then the distance (d) from p to q, or from q to p is given by the Pythagorean formula:

${\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\mathrm {d} (\mathbf {p} ,\mathbf {q} )=\mathrm {d} (\mathbf {q} ,\mathbf {p} )&={\sqrt {(q_{1}-p_{1})^{2}+(q_{2}-p_{2})^{2}+\cdots +(q_{n}-p_{n})^{2}}}\\[8pt]&={\sqrt {\sum _{i=1}^{n}(q_{i}-p_{i})^{2}}}.\end{aligned}}}$

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