Etonogestrel contraceptive implant

Etonogestrel birth control implant
Implanon
Background
Type	Hormonal Progestin-only implant
First use	1998  Indonesia
Synonyms	etonogestrel contraceptive implant
Trade names	Implanon, Nexplanon, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	FDA Professional Drug Information
Failure rates (first year)
Perfect use	0.05%
Typical use	0.05%
Usage
Duration effect	3 years (4 years off-label)
Reversibility	Yes
User reminders	Requires removal after the 3–4 years
Advantages and disadvantages
STI protection	No
Weight	May cause weight gain
Period disadvantages	May cause irregular or prolonged bleeding
Period advantages	Minimizes pain. In 33% no periods.
Benefits	Long-term contraception.

Etonogestrel birth control implant, sold under the brand names Nexplanon among others, is a device made up of a single rod containing etonogestrel which is used for birth control. It is one of the most effective forms of birth control with a one-year failure rate around 0.05%. The device is placed under the skin and lasts for up to three years. Following removal fertility quickly returns.

Side effects include no menstrual periods, which occurs in about a third of women. Otherwise side effects may include irregular bleeding but are generally few. In those who are overweight earlier replacement may be required. It is not recommended in people with liver disease. The etonogestrel implant is a type of long-acting reversible birth control. It works by stopping ovulation, thickening the mucus around the opening of the cervix, and altering the lining of the uterus.

Etonogestrel implants were approved for medical use in Indonesia in 1998 and in the United States in 2006. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 8.93 to 13.29 USD. In the United Kingdom the device costs the NHS about 83.43 pounds. The cost in the United States is about 625.00 USD. Etonogestrel implants are approved in more than 90 countries and used by about three million women globally as of 2010.

Nexplanon and Implanon are a type of long-acting reversible contraception, which has been shown to be the most effective form of birth control available. The failure rate of Implanon is .05% for both perfect use and typical use because the method requires no user action after insertion. Prospective follow-up studies of Implanon, which include over 2,467 women-years of exposure, have found no pregnancies. Other studies have found some failures with this method, some attributed to failures of the method itself and others to improper placement, drug interactions, or conception prior to method insertion.

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