Ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Hindus

Ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Pandits was an event that occurred on 20 January 1990 when most of the Pandit families were forced to flee from Kashmir valley due to outbreak of terrorism. The estimate of Pandits having fled Kashmir ranges from approximately 100,000 to as high as 800,000.

According to Indian government, more than 60,000 families are registered as Kashmiri migrants including some Sikh and Muslim families. Most families were resettled in Jammu, NCR and other neighbouring states. In 2016, only 2764 Kashmiri Hindus were left in Kashmir Valley.

In 1984, Ghulam Mohammad Shah snatched the power from his brother-in-law Farooq Abdullah and became the chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir. Shah decided to construct a large mosque, Shah Masjid within the premises of an ancient Hindu temple inside the New Civil Secretariat area in Jammu. Many people of Jammu took to streets to protest with large demonstrations and marches against this decision. Gul Shah on his return to Kashmir retaliated and incited the Kashmiri Muslims by saying Islam khatrey mein hey (trans. Islam is in danger). As a result, Kashmiri Pandits were targeted by the Kashmiri Muslims. Many incidents were reported in various areas where Kashmiri Hindus were killed and their properties and temples damaged or destroyed. The worst hit areas were mainly in South Kashmir and Sopore. In Vanpoh, Lukbhavan, Anantnag, Salar and Fatehpur, Muslim mobs plundered or destroyed the properties and temples of Hindus. During the Anantanag riot in 1986, although no Hindu was killed, many houses and other properties belonging to Hindus were looted, burnt or damaged. Many Hindus left the Kashmir valley as a result due to the prevailing situation in Kashmir. His government was dismissed on March 12, 1986, by the then Governor Jagmohan following communal riots in south Kashmir.

The Islamists lost overwhelmingly in the 1983 and 1987 state elections. However, due to numerous allegations and evidences being revealed on 1987 elections being rigged so as to bring the secular parties (NC and INC) in Kashmir at the forefront, the disgruntled Islamist factions soon took advantage of this issue, and turned to violence to advocate separatism.

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