Essex V4
| Ford Essex V4 | |
|---|---|
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Ford Motor Company |
| Also called | Essex V4 |
| Production | 1961 - 1977 |
| Layout | |
| Configuration | 60° eight-valve OHV V4 Firing order 1-3-2-4 |
| Displacement |
|
| Cylinder bore | 93.67 mm (3.69 in) |
| Piston stroke |
|
| Cylinder block alloy | Cast iron |
| Cylinder head alloy | Cast iron |
| Valvetrain |
OHV, two valves per cylinder 41mm 1.6" Inlet valve 37mm 1.4" exhaust valve. |
| Compression ratio | 7.7:1 / 8.9:1 / 9.1:1 |
| Combustion | |
| Supercharger | Naturally aspirated (stock) |
| Fuel system |
Carbureted Ford 1250 Single barrel Carburetor Weber 32/36 DGAV Two barrel Carburetor |
| Fuel type | Gasoline (leaded) |
| Oil system | Wet sump (stock) |
| Cooling system | Jacketed block (stock) |
| Output | |
| Power output |
|
| Torque output | 100 lb/ft 135 Nm (1.7 L) 123 lb/ft 166 Nm (2.0 L) |
| Dimensions | |
| Dry weight | 148 kg (326 lb) |
The Essex V4 was a 60° V4 petrol engine from Ford Motor Company made between 1961 and 1977 at the plant in Essex. The engine was available in two capacities, 1.7 L (1663 cc) and 2.0 L (1996 cc), differing only in stroke. This engine was used in the Ford Corsair, Capri Mk I, Consul/Granada Mk I, Ford Zephyr Mk IV and the Mk I Ford Transit van. The Essex V4 was designed to be used in the Transit to fit into its extremely short nose.
A 60° V4 engine is inherently unbalanced, and the Ford Essex engine used a balance shaft to add a modicum of smoothness. The smoothest angle for a V4 engine is 90°. Because of this, and unlike their "bigger brother" the Ford Essex V6, these engines were infamous for their rough running characteristics and reliability problems such as the tendency for these engines to have head gasket leaks.
The MK1 Transit (1965 to 1978), with its flat front and short bonnet, was designed to use this engine. The bore on each engine was the same at 93.67 mm but strokes of 60.35 and 72.42 mm gave the different capacities as a result the pistons and crankshafts are different on the two engines. Both engines were available in low compression ratio form (7.7:1) and high 9.1:1 for the smaller unit and 8.9:1 for the larger. Power output varied from 73 bhp (Low compression 1.7) to 93 bhp on high compression 2.0 litre and torque from 100 lb/ft to 123.5, hence the Essex V4 and V6 engine's Heron cylinder head design. Different compression ratios were achieved with different cylinder heads, low compression cylinder heads such as the ones fitted to Ford Transits had shallow combustion chambers in them unlike the high compressions heads which were completely flat.
Originally it was fueled by a single barrel carburetor, later the engine was available with a twin choke carburetor and other modifications to increase its power. This variant was fitted in the 2000E version of the Corsair and the GT 2000 version of the Capri and Granada, in the Ford Capri this engine was fitted to the 2000GT and 1700GT Variants from 1969 to 1973 with the 2.0 L producing 92 hp (94 PS) at 5500 rpm and 141 Nm (100 - 123 lb/ft) of torque at 3600 rpm. In 1974, with the Introduction of the Capri II, it was replaced completely by the 2.0 litre TL20 OHC I4 commonly referred to as the "Ford Pinto engine" and the 2.0 L Ford Cologne V6 engine. The most powerful version of the Essex V4 was in the Ford Corsair 2000E Deluxe with 103 hp. Between 1971 and 1972 the Essex V4 & V6 engines were upgraded and the power output increased by using a different camshaft, changing the shape of the inlet ports from an O shape to a D shape and increasing the compression ratio slightly from 8.9:1 to 9.0:1, other things were also changed, the oil dipstick was moved from the front to the left side of the engine, and the camshaft drive gear was made stronger by using steel construction with fibre teeth instead of being made completely from fibre like earlier versions. Many companies provide steel and alloy gears which are more dependable in high performance applications.
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