Ernst Hans Ludwig Krause (27 July 1859, Stade – 1 June 1942, Domjüch/Neustrelitz) was a German physician, botanist and mycologist.
He studied medicine and botany in Berlin, where in 1881 he received his medical doctorate. From 1882 to 1893 he served as a naval medical officer, and later spent several years as a physician to an infantry regiment. From 1904 to 1918 he gave lectures on plant systematics and phytogeography at the University of Strasbourg, and afterwards, relocated to the , where from 1921 to 1933, he was an associate professor of botany. From 1933 onward, he worked as a general practitioner in . In 1942 he was wounded during a bombing attack in Rostock.