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Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974

Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974
Great Seal of the United States
Long title An act to establish a comprehensive prohibition of discrimination on the basis of race, color, gender, or national origin
Acronyms (colloquial) EEOA
Effective August 21, 1974
Citations
Statutes at Large 20 USC Sec. 1701-1758
Codification
Acts amended Elementary and Secondary Education Act
Titles amended 20 U.S.C.: Education
U.S.C. sections amended 20 U.S.C. ch. 70
Legislative history
United States Supreme Court cases
Lau v. Nichols
Castañeda v. Pickard
Plyler v. Doe
Keyes v. School District 1
United States v. State of Texas
Idaho Migrant Council v. Board of Education
Flores v. Arizona

The Equal Educational Opportunities Act (EEOA) of 1974 is a federal law of the United States of America. It prohibits discrimination against faculty, staff, and students, including racial segregation of students, and requires school districts to take action to overcome barriers to students' equal participation. It is one of a number of laws affecting educational institutions including the Rehabilitation Act (1973), Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

The civil rights movement brought about controversies on busing, language rights, desegregation, and the idea of “equal education". The groundwork for the creation of the Equal Educational Opportunities Act first came about with the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which banned discrimination and racial segregation against African Americans and women. In 1968 the U.S. Department of Education, formerly the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, issued a statement saying that school officials are responsible for providing equal educational opportunities for all, regardless of one’s nationality, race, or color. A 1970 memorandum was then passed, clarifying the responsibilities of school officials. In addition to requiring separate classes to be created for students less than proficient in the English language, communication between students’ parents and the school was to be required to be conducted in a language understood by the parents.


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