Enver Hoxha
| Enver Hoxha | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania | |
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In office 8 November 1941 – 11 April 1985 |
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| Preceded by | Position created |
| Succeeded by | Ramiz Alia |
| 2nd Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the People's Republic of Albania | |
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In office 24 October 1944 – 18 July 1954 |
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| Preceded by | Ibrahim Biçakçiu (as Prime Minister of Albania) |
| Succeeded by | Mehmet Shehu |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
16 October 1908 Ergiri (Gjirokastër), Janina Vilayet, Ottoman Empire |
| Died | 11 April 1985 (aged 76) Tirana, Albania |
| Nationality | Albanian |
| Political party | Labour of Albania |
| Spouse(s) | Nexhmije Hoxha |
| Children |
Ilir Sokol Pranvera |
Enver Halil Hoxha (Albanian pronunciation: [ɛnˈvɛɾ ˈhɔdʒa]; 16 October 1908 – 11 April 1985) was the communist leader of Albania from 1944 until his death in 1985, as the First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania. He was chairman of the Democratic Front of Albania and commander-in-chief of the armed forces from 1944 until his death. He served as the 21st Prime Minister of Albania from 1944 to 1954 and at various times served as foreign minister and defence minister as well.
The 40-year period of Hoxha's rule was characterized by the elimination of the opposition, prolific use of the death penalty or long prison terms for his political opponents, and evictions of their families from their homes to remote villages that were strictly controlled by police or secret police (Sigurimi). His rule was also characterized by the use of Stalinist methods to destroy associates who threatened his power. He focused on rebuilding the country, which was left in ruins after World War II, building Albania's first railway line, eliminating adult illiteracy and leading Albania towards becoming agriculturally self-sufficient.
Hoxha's government was characterized by his proclaimed firm adherence to anti-revisionist Marxism–Leninism from the mid-1970s onwards. After his break with Maoism in the 1976–78 period, numerous Maoist parties around the world declared themselves Hoxhaist. The International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle) is the best known association of these parties today.
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