Enoxaparin sodium
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| Trade names | Lovenox, Clexane, Xaparin, others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a696006 |
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| Routes of administration |
subcutaneous (SC), intravenous (IV) |
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| Biological half-life | 4.5 hours |
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| Formula | (C26H40N2O36S5)n |
| Molar mass | 4500 g/mol (average) |
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Enoxaparin sodium, sold under the brand name Lovenox among others, is a blood thinner. It used to treat and prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) including during pregnancy. It is also used in those with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and heart attacks. It is given by injection just under the skin or into a vein. Other uses include inside kidney dialysis machines.
Common side effects include bleeding, fever, and swelling of the legs. Bleeding may be serious especially in those who are undergoing a spinal tap. Use during pregnancy appears to be safe for the baby. Enoxaparin is in the low molecular weight heparin family of medications.
Enoxaparin was first made in 1981 and approved for medical use in 1993. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. Enoxaparin is available as a generic medication. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 1.90 to 10.80 USD per day. In the United States the wholesale cost is about 14.13 USD per day as of 2016. Enoxaparin is made from heparin.
Enoxaparin has predictable absorption, bioavailability, and distribution therefore monitoring is not typically done. However, there are instances where monitoring may be beneficial for special populations, for example individuals with kidney insufficiency or those that are obese. In this case, anti-Xa units can be measured and dosing adjusted accordingly.
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