English civil war

English Civil War
Part of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms
The victory of the Parliamentarian New Model Army over the Royalist Army at the Battle of Naseby on 14 June 1645 marked the decisive turning point in the English Civil War.
Date 22 August 1642 – 3 September 1651 Location Kingdom of England Result Parliamentarian victory Execution of King Charles I Exile of Charles II Establishment of the republican Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell
Belligerents
English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish Royalists	English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish Parliamentarians
Commanders and leaders
King Charles I   Prince Rupert of the Rhine Charles II	Earl of Essex Thomas Fairfax Oliver Cromwell
Casualties and losses
50,000	34,000
127,000 noncombat deaths (including some 40,000 civilians)

Parliamentarian victory

The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians ("Roundheads") and Royalists ("Cavaliers") over, principally, the manner of England's government. The first (1642–46) and second (1648–49) wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third (1649–51) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The war ended with the Parliamentarian victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651.

The overall outcome of the war was threefold: the trial and execution of Charles I (1649); the exile of his son, Charles II (1651); and the replacement of English monarchy with, at first, the Commonwealth of England (1649–53) and then the Protectorate under the personal rules of Oliver Cromwell (1653–58) and his son (1658–59). The monopoly of the Church of England on Christian worship in England ended with the victors' consolidating the established Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland. Constitutionally, the wars established the precedent that an English monarch cannot govern without Parliament's consent, although the idea of Parliament as the ruling power of England was legally established as part of the Glorious Revolution in 1688.

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