Endor (village)

Endor (Hebrew: עֵין־דֹּאר; עֵֽין־ דֹּר֙ ; עֵ֥ין דּֽוֹר‎‎ ‘Êndōr) was a Canaanite city which is listed in the Book of Joshua (Joshua 17:11) as one of the cities with its dependencies that the Israelites failed to dispossess. It is located between the Hill of Moreh and Mount Tabor in the Jezreel Valley.

The original meaning of "Endor" is unknown and its spelling in Hebrew varies. It is mentioned or alluded to in the Bible twice more in 1 Samuel 28:7, and in Psalms 83:10. It may be connected with the words you ein meaning "spring" and dor, meaning "settlement".

Endor was first mentioned in Joshua 17:11, when Endor fell within the tribal allotments of Manasseh. In 1 Samuel 28:4-25, Saul consulted the Witch of Endor, who lived in the village, on the evening before the Battle of Gilboa, in which he perished. According to Psalms 83:9-10, it was the scene of the rout of Jabin and Sisera after being defeated by Barak and Deborah in Judges 4-5.

The ancient site of Endor is widely debated and many locations have been suggested. From the biblical accounts, an Endor that is located on the south edge of the Jezreel Valley seems to fit best. The tribal allotments of Manasseh, Saul's journey to Endor and the defeat of Sisera's army all fit well with a location that is on this side of the valley, somewhere between Ibleam and Ta'anach. However, there are difficulties with this location. From the origin of the name, a spring must also be located somewhere near, and archaeological evidence from the time of Joshua, Judges, and Saul is required.

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