Empress Kōgyoku
| Kōgyoku | |
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Empress of Japan (Kōgyoku, first reign) |
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| Reign | January 25, 642 – June 14, 645 |
| Coronation | January 25, 642 (aged 48) |
| Predecessor | Emperor Jomei |
| Successor | Emperor Kōtoku |
| (Saimei, second reign) | |
| Reign | January 3, 655 - July 24, 661 |
| Coronation | January 3, 655 (aged 61) |
| Predecessor | Emperor Kōtoku |
| Successor | Emperor Tenji |
| Empress consort of Japan | |
| Tenure | 630-641 |
| Born | 594 |
| Died | 661 (aged 66–67) Asakura no Miya |
| Burial | Ochi-no-Okanoe no misasagi (Nara) |
| Spouse | Emperor Jomei |
| Issue |
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| Father | Prince Chinu |
| Mother | Princess Kibitsu-hime |
Empress Kōgyoku (皇極天皇 Kōgyoku-tennō?, 594–661), also known as Empress Saimei (斉明天皇 Saimei-tennō?), was the 35th and 37th monarch of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.
Kōgyoku's reign spanned the years from 642 to 645. Her reign as Saimei encompassed 655 to 661. In other words,
The two reigns of this one woman spanned the years from 642 through 661.
In the history of Japan, Kōgyoku/Saimei was the second of eight women to take on the role of empress regnant. The sole female monarch before Kōgyoku/Saimei was Suiko-tennō. The six women sovereigns reigning after Kōgyoku/Saimei were Jitō, Genmei, Genshō, Kōken/Shōtoku, Meishō, and Go-Sakuramachi.
Before her ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, her personal name (imina) was Takara (宝?). As empress, her name would have been Ametoyo Takara Ikashi Hitarashi hime.
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