Empire Zinc Strike

The Empire Zinc Strike, also known as the Salt of the Earth Strike, was a 15-month-long miners' strike in New Mexico against the Empire Zinc Company for its discriminatory pay and housing practices. The strike drew national attention, and after it was settled in 1952, a movie entitled Salt of the Earth (1954) was released that offered a fictionalized version of events.

The Empire Zinc Company, a subsidiary of New Jersey Zinc Company, owned zinc mines outside the company town of Silver City, New Mexico. The company had created a two-tier system among its workers, paying white workers more than Mexican and Mexican-American workers and housing them better.

17 October 17, 1950, the Local 890 chapter of the International Union of Mine, Mill, and Smelter Workers went on strike, demanding that the company end its discriminatory pay and segregated housing systems. They later added indoor plumbing and hot water for Mexican-American homes to their list of demands. The company fought back, sending police to harass picketers, posting eviction notices on company houses, and cutting off credit to strikers at the company grocery store. Labor activist Clinton Jencks, who was the union's business agent when the strike was organized and was elected president of Local 890 in early 1951, was arrested on strike and kept in solitary confinement for 16 months. Violence erupted on several occasions, especially when the company brought in strikebreakers. As reports spread of these confrontations, miners at other companies in the region joined the walkout.

Eight months into the strike, the company got a court injunction forbidding picketers to return to the picket line the following day. With the threat of jail time and fines looming over them, the men left the picket line, only to be replaced by their wives and, in some cases, children. Since the women were not themselves striking workers, the same legal tactics could not immediately be used against them. However, the women still suffered police harassment and some mass arrests. Eventually the court issued an anti-picketing injunction against the women, but prior mass arrests of women and some children had drawn unfavorable attention in the national news and the local sheriff delayed in carrying out the injunction.

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