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Emperor Wen of Sui China

Yang Jian
Sui Wendi Tang.jpg
1st Emperor of Sui Dynasty
Reign 4 March 581 – 13 August 604
Successor Emperor Yangdi
Born 21 July 541
Chang'an, Northern Zhou
Died 13 August 604(604-08-13) (aged 63)
Renshou Palace, Baoji, Sui China
Spouse Dugu Qieluo, Empress Wen Xian

Consort Chen, concubine
Consort Chai, concubine
Consort Yuchi, concubine
Issue Yang Lihua, Empress Tianyuan of Northern Zhou
Yang Yong, Prince of Fangling
Yang Guang, Emperor Yang
Yang Jun, Prince Xiao of Qin
Yang Xiu, Prince of Shu
Yang Awu, Princess Lanling
Yang Liang, Prince of Han
Princess Xiangguo
Princess Guangping
Princess Wanan, Duchess of Chen
Full name
Family name: Yang (楊, Yáng)
Given name: Jian (堅, Jiān)
Era dates
Kāihuáng 開皇 (581–600)
Rénshòu 仁壽 (601–604)
Posthumous name
Wen (文, wén)
literary meaning: "civil"
Temple name
Gaozu (高祖, gāo zǔ)
Father Yang Zhong, Duke of Sui
Mother Lü Gutao
Full name
Family name: Yang (楊, Yáng)
Given name: Jian (堅, Jiān)
Era dates
Kāihuáng 開皇 (581–600)
Rénshòu 仁壽 (601–604)
Posthumous name
Wen (文, wén)
literary meaning: "civil"
Temple name
Gaozu (高祖, gāo zǔ)

Emperor Wen of Sui (隋文帝; 21 July 541 – 13 August 604), personal name Yang Jian (楊堅), Xianbei name Puliuru Jian (普六茹堅), nickname Naluoyan (那羅延), was the founder and first emperor of China's Sui Dynasty (581–618 AD). He was a hard-working administrator and a micromanager. The Sui Shu records him as having withdrawn his favour from the Confucians, giving it to "the group advocating Xing-Ming and authoritarian government." As a Buddhist, he encouraged the spread of Buddhism through the state. He is regarded as one of the most important emperors in Chinese history, reunifying China in 589 after centuries of division since the fall of Western Jin Dynasty in 316. During his reign began the construction of the Grand Canal.

As a Northern Zhou official, Yang Jian served with apparent distinction during the reigns of Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou and Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou. When the erratic Emperor Xuan died in 580, Yang, as his father-in-law, seized power as regent. After defeating the general Yuchi Jiong, who resisted him, he seized the throne for himself, establishing the new Sui Dynasty (as its Emperor Wen). He was the first Chinese to rule North China after the Xianbei invasion which conquered that area from the Liu Song dynasty (not counting the brief reconquest of that region by Emperor Wu of Liang).

Generally speaking, Emperor Wen's reign was a great period of prosperity not seen since the Han Dynasty. Economically, the dynasty prospered. It was said that there was enough food stored for 50 years. The military was also powerful. At the beginning of his reign, Sui faced the threat of the Göktürks to the north, and neighbored Tibetan tribes to the west, Goguryeo in the northeast, and Champa (Linyi) threatening the south. By the end of Emperor Wen's reign, the Göktürks had split into an eastern and a western kaganate, the eastern one being nominally submissive to Sui, as was Goguryeo. Champa was defeated and, while not conquered, did not remain a threat.


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