Elsa Elisabeth Brahe (29 January 1632 – 24 February 1689), was a Swedish countess and duchess, married to Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg, Duke of Stegeborg, the brother of king Charles X of Sweden.
She was the daughter of count Nils Brahe and Anna Margareta Bielke (1603-1643). She married firstly to Count Erik Axelsson Oxenstierna, Lord High Chancellor of Sweden in 1654-1656 and the son of Axel Oxenstierna. In 1661, she married secondly to Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg, Duke of Stegeborg, the paternal uncle of king Charles XI of Sweden. He was the childless widower of her cousin, Elsa Beata Brahe, daughter of her uncle Per Brahe the Younger.
The marriage was politically motivated. Adolph John wished to establish support by her connections in the Swedish nobility for his ambition to participate in the regency government of Charles XI. After the regent, Hedvig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp, advised him against a dynastic marriage with Holstein-Gottorp, he proposed to Elsa Elisabeth after the Riksdag of 1660, reportedly against the will of the regent and others, who tried to convince Elsa Elisabeth to decline the match.
At the Swedish court, Elsa Elisabeth became involved in a dispute of rank with her sister-in-law, Countess Palatine Maria Eufrosyne of Zweibrücken, already on the year of her marriage. Märta Allertz acted as a mediator in this dispute without success. When the matter was resolved by the regent in favor of Maria Eufrosyne, as born a princess rather than in favor of Elsa Elisabeth, who was a princess by marriage, Adolph John and Elsa Elisabeth withdraw from court and settled at Stegeborg Castle.