Elongated square dipyramid
| Elongated square bipyramid | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Type |
Johnson J14 - J15 - J16 |
| Faces | 8 triangles 4 squares |
| Edges | 20 |
| Vertices | 10 |
| Vertex configuration | 2(34) 8(32.42) |
| Symmetry group | D4h, [4,2], (*422) |
| Rotation group | D4, [4,2]+, (422) |
| Dual polyhedron | Square bifrustum |
| Properties | convex |
| Net | |
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|
In geometry, the elongated square bipyramid (or elongated octahedron) is one of the Johnson solids (J15). As the name suggests, it can be constructed by elongating an octahedron by inserting a cube between its congruent halves.
It has been named the pencil cube or 12-faced pencil cube due to its shape.
A Johnson solid is one of 92 strictly convex polyhedra that have regular faces but are not uniform (that is, they are not Platonic solids, Archimedean solids, prisms or antiprisms). They were named by Norman Johnson, who first listed these polyhedra in 1966.
A zircon crystal is an example of an elongated square bipyramid.
The dual of the elongated square bipyramid is called a square bifrustum and has 10 faces: 8 trapezoidal and 2 square.
A special kind of elongated square bipyramid without all regular faces allows a self-tessellation of Euclidean space. The triangles of this elongated square bipyramid are not regular; they have edges in the ratio 2:√3:√3.
It can be considered a transitional phase between the cubic and rhombic dodecahedral honeycombs. The cells are here colored white, red, and blue based on their orientation in space. The square pyramid caps have shortened isosceles triangle faces, with six of these pyramids meeting together to form a cube.
Cross-sections of the honeycomb, through cell centers produces a chamfered square tiling, with flattened horizonal and vertical hexagons, and squares on the perpendicular polyhedra.
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Wikipedia