Eleazar ben Jacob II

Eliezer ben Jacob II (Hebrew: אליעזר בן יעקב) was a Tanna of the 2nd century, quoted among R. Akiva's younger disciples who survived the fall of Bethar and the subsequent Hadrianic persecutions, including Judah b. 'Illai, R. Meïr, Simon b. Yoḥai, Eliezer b. Jose ha-Gelili (Gen. R. lxi. 3; Cant. R. ii. 5; compare Ber. 63b; Yeb. 62b). With most of them he maintained halakic disputations (Neg. x. 4; Tosef., Yeb. x. 5; ib. B. Ḳ. v. 7; ib. Ker. i. 11; ib. Parah, iii. 10). He was the founder of a school known in the Talmud after his name, "Debe R. Eliezer b. Jacob", which sometimes opposed the "Debe R. Ishmael" (Sanh. 90b; Ḥul. 132a; Yoma 45b; see Ḥanina b. Minyomi).

Like his older namesake, Eliezer ben Jacob I, Eliezer II is quoted in both the Halakah and the Aggadah. From the Pentateuchal injunction (Deut. xxii. 5), "The woman shall not wear that which pertaineth to man, neither shall a man put on a woman's garment," he maintains that a woman must never handle arms or go to war, and that man must not use ornaments which women usually wear (Sifre, Deut. 226; Nazir 59a). Eliezer taught: "Whoso performs a pious deed gains for himself an advocate [before heaven], and whoso commits a sin creates an accuser against himself. Penitence and pious deeds constitute a shield against heavenly visitations" (Ab. iv. 11).

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