Eko Eko Azarak

Eko Eko Azarak is the opening phrase from a Wiccan chant. It is also known as the "Witch's chant", or the "Eko Eko chant". The following form was used by Gerald Gardner, considered as the founder of Wicca as an organized, contemporary religion.

The Eko Eko chant appeared in the ritual for November Eve or Samhain, as follows:

Gardner also published his version of this chant in his 1954 occult novel, High Magic's Aid.

Another variant of the chant expanded the Eko, eko opening to four lines, using these words to salute various Wiccan deities, typically Cernunnos and Aradia. Other combinations include Karnayna and Aradia, Hern and Hecate, Osiris and Isis, and Kernunnos and Arida.

By the mid-1980s, there were many versions of the Eko Eko chant used by Wiccans, some with alternate spellings for Azarak and Zomelak

There are two sources for the text Gardner used to make this chant.

The opening lines, with their repeated Eko eko refrain, apparently come from an article published in a 1921 edition of the journal Form by J. F. C. Fuller, on "The Black Arts", reprinted in The Occult Review in April 1926, though "The Occult Review" 1923 is frequently mis-cited. See Hutton's sources. Fuller's version goes:

Fuller gives no source for this spell.

In Eight Sabbats for Witches (1981), the Janet and Stewart Farrar provided a version of the Eko Eko chant which they received from Doreen Valiente.

In private correspondence to the Farrars, Valiente explained that this was the version Gardner had given to her.

The second source is a thirteenth-century French miracle play, Le Miracle de Théophile, by the trouvère Rutebeuf. The original text from the French play is given to the character Salatin — apparently a version of Saladin — who in this play is labelled a sorcerer; Salatin uses these words to invoke the Devil:

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