Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury
| Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon | |
|---|---|
| 1st Governor of New Jersey in British North America |
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In office 1701–1708 |
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| Monarch | Anne |
| Lieutenant |
Col. Richard Ingoldesby Lieutenant-Governor |
| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by | John, 4th Baron Lovelace |
| 14th colonial Governor of New York | |
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In office 1702–1708 |
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| Monarch | Anne |
| Preceded by | John Nanfan |
| Succeeded by | John, 4th Baron Lovelace |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
The Hon. Edward Hyde 28 November 1661 England |
| Died | 31 March 1723 (aged 61) Chelsea, London, England |
| Resting place | Westminster Abbey |
| Political party | Tory |
| Spouse(s) | Katherine O'Brien, 8th Baroness Clifton |
| Children | Edward, 9th Baron Clifton; Catherine; Mary; Flora; Theodosia; 10th Baroness Clifton |
| Profession | Diplomat and Governor in British North America |
Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon (28 November 1661 – 31 March 1723), styled Viscount Cornbury between 1674 and 1709, was propelled into the forefront of English politics when he and part of his army defected from the Catholic King James II to support the newly arrived Protestant contender, William III of Orange. His actions triggered the Glorious Revolution of 1688 , a bloodless change of governments. As a reward, he was later appointed Governor of New York and New Jersey between 1701 and 1708.
The new governor’s primary mission was to protect the colonies during the War of the Spanish Succession (known in the Americas as Queen Anne's War, or the 2nd French and Indian War; 1701 – 1714). His administration successfully prevented French incursions into the middle colonies. However, he soon became mired in the region’s many factional conflicts.
By 1708, war weariness led to a shift in the political tide in Great Britain. Governor Cornbury was recalled from the colonies, but was soon after installed as a member of Queen Anne’s privy council . Lord Cornbury’s fortunes changed again when George I was crowned King of Great Britain on 1 August 1714. Out of favor, Lord Cornbury died in Chelsea, London on 31 March 1723.
The Honourable Edward Hyde was the only child of Henry, Viscount Cornbury & 2nd Earl of Clarendon (1638–1709) and the former Theodosia Capell (1640–1660), daughter of Arthur Capell, 1st Baron Capell of Hadham, and sister of Arthur Capell.
The Hyde family had close ties to the monarchy: Edward's grandfather, also named Edward and the 1st Earl of Clarendon (1609-1674), was born a commoner but became an important advisor to King Charles I (after 1641) and to Charles II (after 1651). He’s best known for negotiating the Restoration of the English Monarchy in 1660 through a series of provisions known as the Clarendon Code. The same year Charles II regained the throne, Clarendon’s daughter, Anne Hyde (1637-1671), married the new king’s younger brother & heir, James, Duke of York. Meanwhile, Clarendon's eldest son, Henry, married into the Capells of Hadham, one of the richest families in England.
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