Edith Körner

Edith Körner, CBE (10 July 1921 – 17 August 2000) was a British magistrate and reformer of the National Health Service. She was the wife of the philosopher Stephan Körner and mother of the mathematician Thomas Körner and the biochemist, writer and translator Ann M. Körner.

Born Edita Leah Löwy in Znojmo, Czechoslovakia, the daughter of a corn miller. She travelled to the United Kingdom as a refugee in 1939, after the Nazis occupied Czechoslovakia; her family remained behind, with only her brother and several cousins surviving the war. (In 1938/1939, her father changed the family name to Laner in a vain attempt to deceive the Nazis into thinking that he and his family were not Jewish.) She arrived with no money, speaking four languages - Czech, German, Italian and French but little English. Among other jobs, she worked briefly for Reuters.

During the war, she met Stephan Körner, a fellow Czech refugee, who was studying for his doctorate in philosophy at Cambridge; the couple married in London in 1944. After the end of the war and Stephan's release from the Czech army, the couple settled in Bristol where Stephan took up an assistant lectureship at the university. Not content simply to stay at home raising a family, she became a member of the committee overseeing the two local long-stay psychiatric hospitals in the 1950s. This was a fast-changing time for psychiatric medicine, with new drug treatments and changing public attitudes allowing new methods of treatment and care, and Mrs Körner (she never allowed her colleagues to call her by her first name) argued strongly - and successfully - to restructure and reform the sector to take full advantage of these developments.

She was appointed a local magistrate in 1966, and would later become the first woman - and the first immigrant - to chair the board in Bristol (from 1987 to 1990). She chaired the bench during the poll tax upheavals of the late 1980s - some 20,000 people in Bristol refused to pay the charge - maintaining a judicial impartiality despite a strong personal and political objection to the tax. She argued strongly for a clear separation of the judiciary and the executive, and for the court system to be as streamlined and efficient as possible.

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