Easter Wings

Easter Wings is a poem by George Herbert which was published in his posthumous collection, The Temple (1633). It was originally formatted sideways on facing pages and is in the tradition of shaped poems that goes back to ancient Greek sources.

The Renaissance revival of interest in ancient Greek poetry brought to light a few poems preserved in the Greek anthology in which the shape of the lay-out mimics the poem’s sense. Among these was one in the shape of wings by Simmias of Rhodes. The poem is in the form of an allusive riddle whose subject is Eros, the god of love, but where the only hint of his wings is contained in the adjective referring to him, “swift-flying”. These poems and their like were later imitated in Renaissance Neo-Latin verse and the fashion then spread to vernacular literatures as well.

Stephen Hawes was the first English author to take this up in his intricate “A pair of wings” in about 1500. But whereas the Classical example is shaped so that the wings rise and fall from the centre, as happens also in Herbert’s “Easter Wings”, Hawes makes the lines diminish to wing tips in a crescent from the wider body of the poem’s centre and backs it up with an alternative short poem lying behind the main text.

Herbert’s poetry may be referred to the 16th century tradition of the emblem, which combines a motto with a simple symbolic picture and poetic explanation, as well as, in the case of “Easter Wings”, the example of Greek shaped poetry. The poem’s two-stanzas were originally formatted sideways across opposite pages on its first publication, making the likeness to two sets of wings more obvious. Another pattern poem appearing near the start of his collection, The Temple, was "The Altar".

There were three other poems in the shape of wings published later than Herbert’s. One may have been written about the same time, but as in Herbert's case was not published until after the author’s death. It appeared as a lyrical insert towards the end of William Bosworth’s The Chaste and Lost Lovers (1651). In the case of Patrick Carey’s “O that I had wings like a dove”, the poem was written about 1651 but not printed until 1820. The 4-stanza poem is in a radically different form, with long lines at the beginning, middle and end, punctuated by shorter lines dividing them within the stanza.

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