East African Orogeny
East African Orogeny is the Neoproterozoic orogeny that affects the East African Orogen. The orogeny evolved from an accretionary orogeny involving the amalgamation of arcs and evolved into a collisional orogeny when the Neoproterozoic continent Azania collided with the Congo-Tanzania-Bangweulu Block at ~640 Ma. The orogeny is the earlier of two orogenies that affects the East African Orogen and is followed by the Ediacaran-Cambrian Kuunga Orogeny.
The East African orogeny resulted in the formation of an enormous mountain chain, known as the Transgondwanan Supermountain, which was more than 8,000 km (5,000 mi)-long and 1,000 km (620 mi)-wide. The sedimentary deposition from this mountain chain, known as the Gondwana Super-fan, exceeded 1,000,000 km3 (240,000 cu mi) or the equivalent to covering the U.S.A. with c. 10 km (6.2 mi) of sediment, lasted for 260 million years and coincided with the Cambrian explosion, the sudden radiation of life on Earth c. 550 Ma. These unprecedented sedimentary depositions probably made the evolution of early life possible.
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