Dukes of Saxony
| Duchy of Saxony | ||||||||||||||||||
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Hartogdom Sassen (NDS) Herzogtum Sachsen (DE) |
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Stem duchy of the Carolingian Empire (843–911) and of East Francia (911–962) State of the Holy Roman Empire (from 962) |
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.svg) Saxony around 1000 CE, within the German Kingdom
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| Capital | Not specified | |||||||||||||||||
| Government | Principality | |||||||||||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | |||||||||||||||||
| • | Formation by Charlemagne | 804 | ||||||||||||||||
| • | Welfs ascendancy | 1137 | ||||||||||||||||
| • | Expanded by conquest | 1142 | ||||||||||||||||
| • | Welfs deposed, Ascanians enfeoffed with severely belittled duchy |
1180 |
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| • | John I and Albert II co-rulers; - Competences divided |
1260 1269, 1272 and 1282 |
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| • | Definite partition into Saxe-Lauenburg and Saxe-Wittenberg | 1296 | ||||||||||||||||
| • | Wittenbergs extinct; reunification failed |
1422 |
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The Duchy of Saxony (Low German: Hartogdom Sassen, German: Herzogtum Sachsen) was originally the area settled by the Saxons in the late Early Middle Ages, when they were subdued by Charlemagne during the Saxon Wars from 772 and incorporated into the Carolingian Empire (Francia) by 804. Upon the 843 Treaty of Verdun, Saxony was one of the five German stem duchies of East Francia; Duke Henry the Fowler was elected German king in 919.
Upon the deposition of the Welf duke Henry the Lion in 1180, the ducal title fell to the House of Ascania, while numerous territories split from Saxony, such as the Principality of Anhalt in 1218 and the Welf Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1235. In 1296 the remaining lands were divided between the Ascanian dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg and Saxe-Wittenberg, the latter obtaining the title of Electors of Saxony by the Golden Bull of 1356.
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Wikipedia