Duchy of Sandomierz

The Duchy of Sandomierz (Latin: Ducatus Sandomirensis, Polish: Księstwo sandomierskie) was one of the territories created during the period of the fragmentation of Poland (early 12th century). It was originally part of the central Seniorate Province, inherited by Duke Henry of Sandomierz (see Testament of Bolesław III Krzywousty). The Duchy was located in southeastern corner of the Kingdom of Poland, between the rivers of Pilica, Vistula, San, and Dunajec. Since late Middle Ages, it became part of historic province of Lesser Poland, together with adjacent Duchy of Kraków. In the early 14th century, the Duchy was turned into Sandomierz Voivodeship. Its main urban centers were historic towns of Sandomierz and Wislica. Other main towns were Lublin, Radom, Chęciny, Pilzno, Łuków and Stężyca.

The period of fragmentation of Poland began in 1138, after the Testament of Bolesław III Krzywousty. According to the testament, Duke Henry of Sandomierz was granted the Land of Sandomierz. Since the duke was too young, the newly created province was temporarily ruled by High Duke Władysław II the Exile. In 1146, after another conflict with the junior dukes, Wladyslaw II was forced to flee abroad, and the Duchy of Sandomierz was transferred to Henry.

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