Doomadgee Aboriginal Mission, originally known as Dumaji, was on Bayley Point on the Gulf of Carpentaria. In 1936, after being destroyed by a cyclone, the community was relocated to Nicholson River. In 1985 the population of Doomadgee was approximately 800. Doomadgee Post Office opened on 2 January 1969.
At the 2011 census, Doomadgee had a population of 1,258.
As at 2006 the Queensland government, under its commitment to remote locations, has increased its services to Doomadgee. As of July 2006, eight of 25 Queensland government departments are represented in Doomadgee:
Queensland Corrective Services is the latest addition to the Queensland government family in Doomadgee with the permanent appointment of two probation and parole officers. One of them is responsible for offenders' compliance with their orders and prosecuting those who contravene their orders. The other officer is responsible for delivering departmental programs to address the criminogenic needs of offenders and as ordered by the courts.
From January 2007, the Doomadgee Aboriginal Shire Council in the area was given full shire status.