Donough MacCarthy, 4th Earl of Clancarty

Donough [Donagh] MacCarthy, 4th Earl of Clancarty (1668 – 1 October 1734) was an Irish supporter of James II, banished after the victory of William of Orange; His peerage was attained in 1691. MacCarthy lived out his life in exile in Blankenese, Germany and on the island of Rottumeroog, Netherlands. He was part of the MacCarthy of Muskerry dynasty.

Born in Blarney, he was the son of Callaghan MacCarthy, 3rd Earl of Clancarty. His mother was Lady Elizabeth FitzGerald, daughter of George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare and Lady Joan Boyle; she subsequently remarried Sir William Davys, the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland.

As the heir of his father's massive Irish estates at Cork and Kerry (inherited on 1676, when he was age 8) MacCarthy's upbringing was a matter of high policy. His mother, described as "a fierce Protestant isolated in a Catholic family" brought him to England for a Protestant education and he was placed under the tutelage of John Fell, Bishop of Oxford, but neither his mother nor the Bishop could match the influence of his uncle Justin McCarthy, Viscount Mountcashel, who was one of the closest advisers of the Duke of York, soon to become James II. With Justin's connivance, Donough married Elizabeth Spencer (1671–1704), daughter of Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland, then the principal Secretary of State in England, in 1684: the couple were sixteen and thirteen respectively. The marriage was a legal construct, and went unconsummated for many years. Kenyon remarks that Sunderland comprehensively ruined the lives of his daughter and son-in-law, without gaining any of the hoped for advantages.

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