Dengue hemorrhagic fever

Dengue fever
Synonyms	dengue, breakbone fever
The typical rash seen in dengue fever
Pronunciation	UK /ˈdɛŋɡeɪ/ or US /ˈdɛŋɡiː/
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Infectious disease
ICD-10	A90
ICD-9-CM	061
OMIM	614371
DiseasesDB	3564
MedlinePlus	001374
eMedicine	med/528
Patient UK	Dengue fever
MeSH	C02.782.417.214
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Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection. This may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. Recovery generally takes two to seven days. In a small proportion of cases, the disease develops into the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever, resulting in bleeding, low levels of blood platelets and blood plasma leakage, or into dengue shock syndrome, where dangerously low blood pressure occurs.

Dengue is spread by several species of mosquito of the Aedes type, principally A. aegypti. The virus has five different types; infection with one type usually gives lifelong immunity to that type, but only short-term immunity to the others. Subsequent infection with a different type increases the risk of severe complications. A number of tests are available to confirm the diagnosis including detecting antibodies to the virus or its RNA.

A novel vaccine for dengue fever has been approved and is commercially available in a number of countries. Other methods of prevention are by reducing mosquito habitat and limiting exposure to bites. This may be done by getting rid of or covering standing water and wearing clothing that covers much of the body. Treatment of acute dengue is supportive and includes giving fluid either by mouth or intravenously for mild or moderate disease. For more severe cases blood transfusion may be required. About half a million people require admission to hospital a year.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen should not be used.

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