Damodar Savarkar
| Vinayak Damodar Savarkar | |
|---|---|
Savarkar seated on a chair
|
|
| Born |
28 May 1883 Bhagur, Nasik, Bombay Presidency, British India (now in Maharashtra, India) |
| Died | 26 February 1966 (aged 82) Mumbai, Maharashtra, India |
| Cause of death | Fast unto death |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Alma mater |
University of Mumbai Gray's Inn |
| Known for | Hindutva, Hindu nationalism |
| Political party | Hindu Mahasabha |
| Spouse(s) | Yamunabai (m. 1902; d. 1963) |
| Children | 3 |
| Relatives | Ganesh Damodar Savarkar (brother) |
| Savarkar | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Court | Permanent Court of Arbitration |
| Full case name | Arrest and Return of Savarkar (France v. Great Britain) |
| Decided | 24 February 1911 |
| Court membership | |
| Judges sitting |
M. Beernaert, president, elected by panel Louis Renault Earl of Desart G. Gram Alexander de Savornin Lohman |
| Case opinions | |
| Decision by | Unanimous panel |
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar (
pronunciation ) (28 May 1883 – 26 February 1966) was an Indian pro-independence activist,lawyer, politician, poet, writer and playwright. He advocated the conversion of Muslims and Christians to Hinduism. Savarkar coined the term Hindutva (Hinduness) to create a collective "Hindu" identity as an essence of Bharat (India). His political philosophy had the elements of utilitarianism, rationalism and positivism, humanism and universalism, and realism. Savarkar was also an atheist and a staunch rationalist who disapproved of orthodox beliefs in all religions.
Savarkar's revolutionary activities began while studying in India and England, where he was associated with the India House and founded student societies including Abhinav Bharat Society and the Free India Society, as well as publications espousing the cause of complete Indian independence by revolutionary means. Savarkar published The Indian War of Independence about the Indian rebellion of 1857 that was banned by British authorities. He was arrested in 1910 for his connections with the revolutionary group India House. Following a failed attempt to escape while being transported from Marseilles, Savarkar was sentenced to two life terms of imprisonment totaling fifty years and was moved to the Cellular Jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, but released in 1921.
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