Dactyl (moon)
|
|
| Discovery | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Johann Palisa |
| Discovery site | Vienna Obs. |
| Discovery date | September 29, 1884 |
| Designations | |
| MPC designation | (243) Ida |
| Main belt (Koronis) | |
| Adjectives | Idean |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Epoch 31 July 2016 (JD 2457600.5) | |
| Aphelion | 2.979 AU (4.457×1011 m) |
| Perihelion | 2.743 AU (4.103×1011 m) |
| 2.861 AU (4.280×1011 m) | |
| Eccentricity | 0.0411 |
| 1,767.644 days (4.83955 a) | |
|
Average orbital speed
|
0.2036°/d |
| 38.707° | |
| Inclination | 1.132° |
| 324.016° | |
| 110.961° | |
| Known satellites | Dactyl |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 59.8 × 25.4 × 18.6 km |
|
Mean radius
|
15.7 km |
| Mass | 4.2 ± 0.6 ×1016 kg |
|
Mean density
|
2.6 ± 0.5 g/cm3 |
|
Equatorial surface gravity
|
0.3–1.1 cm/s2 |
| 4.63 hours (0.193 d) | |
|
North pole right ascension
|
168.76° |
|
North pole declination
|
−2.88° |
| 0.2383 | |
| Temperature | 200 K (−73 °C) |
| S | |
| 9.94 | |
243 Ida (/ˈaɪdə/) is an asteroid in the Koronis family of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 29 September 1884, by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at Vienna Observatory and named after a nymph from Greek mythology. Later telescopic observations categorized Ida as an S-type asteroid, the most numerous type in the inner asteroid belt. On 28 August 1993, Ida was visited by the unmanned Galileo spacecraft, while en route to Jupiter. It was the second asteroid visited by a spacecraft and the first found to have a natural satellite.
Like all main-belt asteroids, Ida's orbit lies between the planets Mars and Jupiter. Its orbital period is 4.84 years, and its rotation period is 4.63 hours. Ida has an average diameter of 31.4 km (19.5 mi). It is irregularly shaped and elongated, and apparently composed of two large objects connected together. Its surface is one of the most heavily cratered in the Solar System, featuring a wide variety of crater sizes and ages.
Ida's moon, Dactyl, was discovered by mission member Ann Harch in images returned from Galileo. It was named after the Dactyls, creatures which inhabited Mount Ida in Greek mythology. Dactyl, being only 1.4 kilometres (4,600 ft) in diameter, is about one-twentieth the size of Ida. Its orbit around Ida could not be determined with much accuracy. However, the constraints of possible orbits allowed a rough determination of Ida's density, which revealed that it is depleted of metallic minerals. Dactyl and Ida share many characteristics, suggesting a common origin.
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