D5W
Chemical structure of dextrose
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| Synonyms | dextrose solution, glucose solution |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
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| Routes of administration |
intravenous |
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Intravenous sugar solution, also known as dextrose solution, is a mixture of dextrose (glucose) and water. It is used to treat low blood sugar or water loss without electrolyte loss. Water loss without electrolyte loss may occur in fever, hyperthyroidism, high blood calcium, or diabetes insipidus. It is also used in the treatment of high blood potassium, diabetic ketoacidosis, and as part of parenteral nutrition. It is given by injection into a vein.
Side effects may include irritation of the vein in which it is given, high blood sugar, and swelling. Excess use may result in low blood sodium and other electrolyte problems. Intravenous sugar solutions are in the crystalloid family of medications. They come in a number of strengths including 5%, 10%, and 50% dextrose. While they may start out hypertonic they become hypotonic solutions as the sugar is metabolised. Versions are also available mixed with saline.
Dextrose solutions for medical use became available in the 1920s and 1930s. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 1.00 to 1.80 USD per liter of 10% dextrose in water and it is about 0.60 to 2.40 USD per liter of 5% dextrose in normal saline. In the United Kingdom a 50 ml vial of 50% solution costs the NHS 2.01 pounds.
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