Cryptomeria cipher

Cryptomeria cipher

The Feistel function of the Cryptomeria cipher.
General
Designers	4C Entity
First published	2003
Derived from	DES
Related to	CSS
Cipher detail
Key sizes	56 bits
Block sizes	64 bits
Structure	Feistel network
Rounds	10
Best public cryptanalysis
A boomerang attack breaks all 10 rounds in 248 time with known S-box, or 253.5 with an unknown S-box, using 244 adaptively chosen plaintexts/ciphertexts.

The Cryptomeria cipher, also called C2, is a proprietary block cipher defined and licensed by the 4C Entity. It is the successor to CSS algorithm (used for DVD-Video) and was designed for the CPRM/CPPM digital rights management scheme which are used by DRM-restricted Secure Digital cards and DVD-Audio discs.

The C2 symmetric key algorithm is a 10-round Feistel cipher. Like DES, it has a key size of 56 bits and a block size of 64 bits. The encryption and decryption algorithms are available for peer review, but implementations require the so-called "secret constant", the values of the substitution box (S-box), which are only available under a license from the 4C Entity.

The 4C Entity licenses a different set of S-boxes for each application (such as DVD-Audio, DVD-Video and CPRM).

In 2008, an attack was published against a reduced 8-round version of Cryptomeria to discover the S-box in a chosen-key scenario. In a practical experiment, the attack succeeded in recovering parts of the S-box in 15 hours of CPU time, using 2 plaintext-ciphertext pairs.

A paper by Julia Borghoff, Lars Knudsen, Gregor Leander and Krystian Matusiewicz in 2009 breaks the full-round cipher in three different scenarios; it presents a 2²⁴ time complexity attack to recover the S-box in a chosen-key scenario, a 2⁴⁸boomerang attack to recover the key with a known S-box using 2⁴⁴ adaptively chosen plaintexts/ciphertexts, and a 2^53.5 attack when both the key and S-box are unknown.