Cross-Skagerrak
| Country |
Norway Denmark |
|---|---|
| Coordinates |
58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E |
| General direction | north–south–north |
| From | Kristiansand (Norway) |
| Passes through | Skagerrak |
| To | Tjele (Denmark) |
| Owner |
Statnett Energinet.dk |
| Manufacturer of conductor/cable |
Alcatel Nexans Prysmian |
| Manufacturer of substations | ABB |
| Commissioned | 1977 |
| Type of current | HVDC |
| Total length | 240 km (150 mi) |
| Power rating | 1,632 MW (Skagerrak 1–4) |
| No. of poles | 4 |
Skagerrak is the name of a 1,700 MW high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission facility between Tjele (Denmark) and Kristiansand (Norway). It is owned and operated by Statnett in Norway, and Energinet.dk in Denmark. The lines connect the hydroelectric-based Norwegian grid and the wind and thermal power-based Danish grid. In operation it enables more renewable energy in the energy mix, and more efficient use of electricity.
The 240-kilometre (150 mi) Skagerrak 1–3 scheme consists of a 113-kilometre (70 mi) overhead line and a 127-kilometre (79 mi) underwater cable. It has a capacity of 1,050 MegaWatts (MW). Both land parts in Denmark and in Norway uses overhead lines from the cable landing point to the converter stations. The overhead lines in Denmark are set to be renovated in 2016 for increased lifespan. The towers were originally constructed for four poles, but were rebuilt for three conductors (three poles) when Skagerrak 3 was established. Near Aggersund HVDC Skagerrak crossed Aggersund strait overhead on 70-metre-tall (230 ft) towers with a 470-metre-long (1,540 ft) span, but were later converted to underground cables. The pylons of this span were the tallest electricity pylons of an HVDC line in Europe.
For such a long submarine cable, an AC transmission scheme would not be feasible since too much of the cable's capacity would be consumed by the capacitance of the cable itself, and the power systems in Norway and Jutland are not synchronous.
The waste heat of the transformers is enough to supply district heating economically for 1,000 homes in nearby towns, but taxes prevent that project. The coming Apple Datacenter (supplied in part by the Skagerrak cables) is expected to work around the tax issue when supplying district heat to Viborg.
Skagerrak went in service in 1977 as a bipolar HVDC scheme. This facility was built with thyristor valves. When installed this underwater cable was the world's longest and deepest underwater HVDC power cable. The cable, manufactured by Alcatel, is laid in a maximum water depth of 530 metres (1,740 ft).
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Wikipedia